Theoretical Theories Of Criminology And Criminal Justice...

Empirical theories in criminology and criminal justice are intricate when trying to understand and interpret crimes, and how to effectively respond. Throughout history, many attempts have been made to try and comprehend the causation of crime by researching various theories. In this paper, three theoretically based articles will be reviewed and analyzed. The first article, â€Å"Neuroimaging Studies of Aggressive and Violent Behavior†, by Bufkin and Luttrell; which gives current findings and implications for criminology and criminal justice base on neuroimaging studies. The second article, Peaceful Warriors: Codes for Violence among Adult Male Bar Fighters by Heith Copes, Andy Hochstetler, and Craig Forsyth, and finally, the third article, Conflict Theory and Deviance in Sport, by D. Stanley Eitzen. All three articles will be approached and analyzed using empirical theories in criminology and criminal justice. In our text, â€Å"Criminological Theory†, by Stephen G. Tibbetts and Craig Hemmens, many psychological and biological theories have numerous contradictions, which raises more compounding questions. For example, Lombroso’s â€Å"born criminal† (Tibbetts, Hemmens 2010, p. 7) theory; which describes certain physical features and abnormalities as being tell-tell signs when attempted to detect a future criminal. Knowing what we know today, there are in fact, no physical distinctions between individuals who commit crimes and individuals who don’t. Not all perspective theories are asShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Theory Integration1050 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages/Disadvantages One disadvantage of theory integration the possibility of the wrong mixture of theories by criminologist which could increase the odds of a person gravitating towards criminality increase (Frame, 2009). Another disadvantage with integration is variables get missed and vital information is left out. Finally, integration can lead to misconceptions of theories. The advantage of integration different theories is that decreases repetition where two theories are relaying the same message withRead MoreFuture of Criminology1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe future of Criminology etc. Criminology is, as John Lea (1998) points out, not so much a discipline as a field, its distinctiveness is not its knowledge base but the form of its focus: theories of crime, criminal law and the relation between the two - in this it is a sub-category of the sociology of deviance. It can, and never should be, conceived of as a separate discipline, its categories and processes are social constructs, they have no separate ontological reality. It cannot, thereforeRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Future Of Criminology1583 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered theory integration important for the future of criminology due to the flourishment of crimes in society. Researchers have begun to study crime and the punishments associated with specific crimes that do not include trust crimes such as fraud, workplace theft or income tax invasion. However, they are studying an array of criminal behaviors that involve illicit and illegal behaviors in an effort to establish how important integrat ed theory will affect the future of criminology. First, integratedRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Internship1129 Words   |  5 Pagesof Goals Your final report should be a complete report of your internship experiences under the title How I Evaluate Myself as a Future Criminal Justice Worker, and may not exceed five typed pages. Describe the extent to which the theoretical knowledge included your course work at the College of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University contributed to your field practice experience during your internship. Cite at least two SHSU courses. Show what you have learnedRead More criminal justice internship Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagessp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Your final report should be a complete report of your internship experiences under the title â€Å"How I Evaluate Myself as a Future Criminal Justice Worker,† and may not exceed five typed pages. Describe the extent to which the theoretical knowledge included your course work at the College of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University contributed to your field practice experience during your internship. Cite at least two SHSU courses. Show what you have learnedRead MoreThe Main Tenets And Assumptions Of Critical Criminology759 Words   |  4 PagesA theoretical perspective in the field of criminology that addresses power differentials, inequalities and hierarchies as the explanations of crime is known as critical criminology. In the making and enforcement of law, critical theoretical perspectives are helpful in the reduction of crime by reducing the social, economical and political disparities in a social agency. Critical criminology actually provides a huge framework for the discussion of many other approaches followed in criminology likeRead MoreThere Are No Children Here By Kotlowitz Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesracist and classist undertones existing within the criminal justice system of Chicago in the late 1980s. This essay will utilize the theory of critical criminology to illustrate the structures of inequality within the criminal justice system and the subs equent marginalization of youth that exists within the Henry Horner community, leading to youth deviance and violent crime. Beginning with a brief outline of the major characteristics of critical theory, the essay will then address the increasing focusRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MorePunishment Vs Classical Criminology1745 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Theory Introduction Crime has existed in the society from time immemorial. Different cultures have dealt with it differently. While some have adopted very cruel, inhumane, and creative ways of punishment, others have chosen a relatively fair system of justice. Nevertheless, each system has had and served its purpose in fulfilling a given role in the society they are established. The classical criminology as envisioned by Bentham and Beccaria in the 1700’s and 1800’s has been theRead MoreTheories Of Marxist Theory And Conflict Theory1066 Words   |  5 PagesMany theories have interrelated theories and derive from one another. Marxist theory has connection with labeling theory and conflict theory. Marxist theory and conflict theory explains law and criminal justice but does not oversee multi-groups conflict of society (Akers 2017). Marxist theory is a sociological model which is based on conflict of classes (Akers 2017). Marx viewed the industrial society or capitalist society from a macro point of view. Marxism is also a conflict theory, believing that

Protecting Customer Data Is Important For Integrity And...

Protecting customer data is highly important for the integrity and reputation of any firm. Without securing customer information, a firm is destined to fail and possibly face harsh legal penalties in the process. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to the organization as well as the customers to identify and practice ways to keep it safe from internal and external threats. To do this, it is imperative to have strong security architecture with sound policies in place and do business online safely within the Intranet of the firm and online over the Internet. Kudler Fine Foods’ customers place orders with the firm online, so they will have to be comfortable in continuing their patronage with the organization. There are a couple of†¦show more content†¦Best practices are â€Å"keeping a clean machine, automate software updates, scanning all new devices, using a firewall, using spam filters, and showing your commitment to security†, (Stay Safe Online, 2014). By following the best practices, a firm will be able to secure their information much easier. System and security definitions are changing all the time due to updates and upgrades, so automating the updates to the internal systems is a necessity. Doing routine security scans on all embedded devices is also a necessary task. If a component does not pass the scan test, then it needs to be repaired or replaced depending on the recommendations of the IT manager. Firewalls and spam filters built in to the systems will aid in keeping out intrusions and will help i n authenticating users. Sometimes viruses will piggy back on, or be embedded into an email or clickable ads that are harmful to the system and can destroy the systems in an organization. Antivirus software such as Symantec’s ® Norton ® product can automatically rid the system of these threats. Letting the customer know that the firm is taking all necessary precautions and displaying policies as well as security icons, such as VeriSign ® and Trust-E ® on the website will demonstrate to the website visitors that Kudler Fine Foods has a commitment to security. Let’s take a look at the framework of suitable customer protection security architecture. It consists of three main

Dna And The Human Body - 1772 Words

Each cell in the human body has the same exact genetic material, with a few exceptions, and yet each cell does something different than all the other cells. Contained within the nucleus, the entire genome can be found, and within the genome, there is all the information needed to construct a specific organism. The genome is composed of deoxyribose nucleic acids, also called DNA, which breaks down into smaller units called genes. A gene has a specific sequence of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine molecules that will code for a specific polypeptide. Polypeptides can then go on to become proteins for the cell to use. The genome is the same in every cell, but with about 200 different cell types, there must be something telling the†¦show more content†¦Such things (include?)like the histone modification or methylation of DNA. Some sources debate that ‘epigenetics’ refers to all environmental factors which cause the alterations to occur. Things like the s moke from cigarettes, the food that you eat, the environment inside the placenta, you amount of sleep you get, and your exercising habits[3]. As epigenetics becomes more prominent in science, the debate evolves and the definition changes. Scientists are considering the effects of these epigenetic modifications as well as what creates the modifications. Several mechanisms cause these alterations to gene expression. The most commonly considered factors are DNA methylation, histone modification, and the effects of non-coding RNA. With DNA methylation, methyl groups (CH3) are added directly to the DNA. These methyl groups attach to the fifth carbon of the cytosine nitrogenous base by a protein called DNA-methyltransferase. The most common location for these methylations is at CpG sites, which are locations with a high amount of cytosine-guanine base pairs. The methylated cytosine is called a 5-methylcytosine (5-mc)[4]. The bound methyl group protrudes into the major grove of th e DNA double helix and does not allow for any proteins to bind. DNA can either be hypermethylated, with a high number of methyl groups attached, or hypomethylated, with a low number of methyl groups attached. Hypermethylation typically causes genes toShow MoreRelatedDna And The Human Body1485 Words   |  6 Pages Inside the human body there lies something very unique to us that we call the DNA. It is predicted that there are over 3 billion base-pairs of DNA inside the average human. DNA itself is huge so let’s cover the basics you need to know about it. The DNA includes, RNA, Double-Helix, Base-pairing and an alternate DNA structure. It may seem amazing but beware your DNA can be damaged and or Replicated. In crime DNA comes very handy because detectives use forensics. Every living thing on the planetRead MoreGene Therapy Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagesremoved functioning ADA gene into the viral DNA so that recombinant circular DNA (cDNA) can be created. Viral DNA is obtained from a virus, such as an adenovirus (often used for gene therapy treatments) which has been ‘purified’ so that it does not cause harm (infect host with the virus) to the human body when introduced. The ADA gene is then spliced into the open vector (viral cDNA), using the enzyme ligase which glues the ADA gene into the viral DNA by bonding the sugar phosphate groups togetherRead MoreThe Role Of Proteins Of A Cell Range From Structural, Enzymatic And Hormonal Functions1345 Words   |  6 Pages The DNA encodes specific characteristics of an organism which breaks down into genes. The genes goes through a transcription process. Transcription is where the language of the body s building blocks is transcribed from DNA to RNA and the body will recognize it so it can carry out the next process. Translation of the information collected from RNA is the next step. The information collected is transported to the protein. Certain proteins play specific roles so the body synthesizes the right proteinRead MoreThe Human Body Limits Iron Stores1287 Words   |  6 PagesGenes are small segments of DNA (on a specific locus of a chromosome) that contain the code used to synthesise a protein and mRNA molecule (Khan Academy, 2014). The ‘normal’ function of the HFE protein involved with haemochromatosis is to regulate the production of the protein hepcidin, produced in the liver, which determines levels of dietary iron absorption and the it’s release from storage sites in t he body (Haemochromatosis.org.au, 2014). The human body limits iron stores through the HFE proteinRead MoreThe Role Dna Serves For The Human Cell1267 Words   |  6 Pages The Role DNA Serves For The Human Cell Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) accommodates a variety of purposes, including data storage and replication, in the human cell and in the cells of many other organisms. DNA in a human cell is primarily responsible for storing genetic information that is utilized to control virtually every aspect of cellular expression. This genetic information is passed down from parents to progeny, resulting in progeny with some genetic traits of each parent. DNA is withal replicatedRead MoreWhat is DNA? Where is it found? Essay660 Words   |  3 Pages What is DNA? Where is it found? What makes it so special? How does it work? DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), is defined as a heredity material in humans or all over other organisms in this world. In a person’s body, nearly every cell has a same DNA. Mostly DNA can be found in cell nucleus and few are found in Mitochondria. (Christine A.Evers, 2012). †¢ COMPONENTS OF DNA: The DNA information is stored as a code and they are made up of four chemical bases:Read MoreEssay about DNA: The Basis for Sustaining Life1334 Words   |  6 Pagesof DNA Have you ever asked yourself â€Å"why my eyes are this color?â€Å" Have you questioned why you look the way you do? All of your physical features come from our genetics. Those genetics are family traits that are passed down through our individual bloodline. All of these individualities come from what is considered the fundamental building blocks of life, DNA. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid is the scientific name for DNA (SITE). A Swiss medical student named Johann Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA inRead MoreGene Therapy And Delivery Methods1245 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Each human body consists of net numbers of genes in which half of genes are defective in nature. We do not suffer any injurious effects from that defective genes as we carry two copies of DNA that carries two copies of the specific gene present in somatic cells. The gene which is likely to be harmful is recessive gene so if we inherit two copies of recessive gene from our parent, then disease will occur ( Carroll, 2011).Now days every year noticeable children are born with geneticRead MoreEssay The Benefits Genetic Engineering for Medical Purposes677 Words   |  3 Pagesscientific, and many other organizations. Most are centered on the idea of using Stem cells as a way of curing diseases. Stem cells are cells that have the capabilities to develop into many different types of cells in the body. Serving as a type of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to take over for other cells for as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become anotherRead MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages The first area of cloning is DNA cloning which is the copying of genes to better understand how they work and find cures for genetic malfunctions. DNA cloning is, perhaps, the oldest of the three types of cloning with it being around since the 1970’s (Cloning Fact Sheet, 2009). This form of cloning is the most widely accepted form since it does not cross into the realm of human cloning which is one of the largest debates that exists. One of the things that DNA cloning can accomplish is curing

Black Holes Essay Example For Students

Black Holes Essay Into the Depths of a Black HoleBy Greg MorganApril 8, 2001Every day we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond out grasp. Within this marvel of wonders our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever clandestine, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the course of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed. This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases fo rming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the star can go into several different stages. Usually if the star is small in mass, most of the gases will be consumed while some of it escapes. This occurs because there is not a tremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and therefore the star weakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a White Dwarf. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may possibly a Super Nova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of the star is known as a neutron star. A black hole is one of the last options that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately six to eight solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the suns mass) then it is most likely that when the stars gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them. After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in space debris and other typed of matters to help add to the mass of the core, making the hole stronger and more powerful. Most black holes tend to be in a consistent spinning motion. This motion absorbs carious matter and spins it within the ring (known as the Event Horizon) that is formed around the black hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the center where it is concentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Imagine a throwing a tennis ball up in the air. The ball will eventual come back down because of earths gravity, but if you throw it at a high enough velocity it will not come back down. Well a black hole has so much gravity that not even the substance with the most velocity ,light, can escape. .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .postImageUrl , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:hover , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:visited , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:active { border:0!important; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:active , .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7 .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf480d837be06bd3a198f9820b70a78a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Serial Killer Observation EssayMost black holes orbit around stars due to the fact that they once were a star, and this may cause some problems for the neighboring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The black hole could then grow even stronger (from the stars mass) as to possibly absorb another. When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the Ergo sphere, which sweeps all the matter into the event horizon, named for its flat horizontal appearance and because this happens to be the place where mostly all the action within the black hole occurs. When the star is passed on into the event horizon the light that the star endures is bent within the current and therefore cannot be seen in space. At this exact point in time, high amounts of radiation are given off, that with the proper equipment can be detected and seen as an image of a black hole. Through this technique astronomers now believe that they have found a black hole known as Cygnus X1. This supposed black hole has a huge star orbiting around it; therefore we assume there must be a black hole that is in orbit with. The first scientist to really take an in depth look at black holes and the collapsing of stars, were a professor, Robert Oppenheimer and his student Hartland Snyder, in the early nineteen hundreds. They concluded on the basis of Einsteins theory of relativity that if the speed of light was the utmost speed over any massive object, then nothing could escape a black hole once in its clutches. The name black hole was named such, because of the fact that light could not escape form the gravitational pull from the core, thus making the black hole impossible for humans to see without using technological advancements for measuring such things like radiation. The second part of the word was named hole due to the fact that the actual hole, is where everything is absorbed and where the center core presides. This core is the main part of the black hole where the mass is concentrated and appears purely black on all readings even through the use of radiation detection devises. Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as the Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, after being focused on a star orbiting empty space. Several pictures were sent back to Earth from the telescope showing many computer enhanced pictures of various radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of reading that could be read from the area in which the black hole is suspected to be in. Several diagrams were made showing how astronomers believe that if somehow you were to survive through the center of the black hole that there would be enough gravitational force to possibly warp you to another end in the universe or possibly to another universe. The creative ideas that can be hypothesized from this discovery are endless. Scientist have agreed that our Sun could never turn into a black hole. Our sun is much to small to become a black hole. Our sun is actually very small compared to the suns of other solar systems. Our sun will most likely turn into a white dwarf when it burns out. Although our universe is filled with much unexplained, glorious, phenomenon, it is our duty to continue exploring them and to continue learning, but in the process we must not take any of it for granted. As you have read, black holes are a major topic within our universe and they contain so much curiosity that they could possibly hold unlimited uses. Black holes are a sensation that astronomers are still very puzzled with. It seems that as we get closer to solving their existence and functions, we just end up with more and more questions. Although these questions just lead us into more and more unanswered problems we seek and find refuge into them, dreaming that maybe one day, one far off distant day we will understand all the conceptions and we will be able to use the universe to our advantage and go where only our dreams could take us.